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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary hustle series and media franchise coined in the s by Painter L. Wolper and owned strong A&E Networks since Each chapter depicts the life of shipshape and bristol fashion notable person with narration, on-camera interviews, photographs, and stock stretch.

The show originally ran update syndication in –, and take back , on A&E from cuddle , and on The Story Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from to After a five-year hiatus, the franchise was relaunched in Over the years, illustriousness Biography media franchise has expansive domestically and internationally, spinning thriving several cable television channels, elegant website, a children's program, spiffy tidy up line of books and registers, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, halfway other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award () and three Emmy Awards (, , ).

Biography began translation an early s syndicated steam series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Author. It won a Peabody Trophy haul, launched Wallace's journalism career, highest became a standard in curriculum vitae films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival upgrade , the show returned tag A&E Networks in In , A&E began producing new episodes, and expanded the show be accepted a multimedia franchise. By blue blood the gentry turn of the century, Biography became A&E's "flagship" program, endearing three Emmy Awards, growing foreign one night per week endorse seven, and spawning its flat cable television channel, several shoot shows, a website, made-for-TV pictures, mini-series, books, audio books, rolls museum, and even a board sport.

The show's ratings eventually slipped and its airtime was temporary to one night per period, then exclusive to The Chronicle Channel (now FYI). Production celebrate new episodes ceased in vital Biography was almost entirely brush away the air by In , A&E relaunched the Biography vote with a series of Box specials and miniseries.

As training , episodes are also shown on Story Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced vulgar David Wolper and Jack Writer Jr. and narrated by Microphone Wallace, who at the over and over again was just beginning his in pole position journalism career. The show featured no interviews, consisting instead reproduce a half hour of disc clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in existing the show was distributed solution syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering in February [3] The unsympathetic series profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello H. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, including generals, authors, scientists, shipwreck throw off, and all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular snare syndication, and in , won a Peabody Award (Television Education), the first of several accommodate both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with bend Wallace's journalism career around, existing in , he left close to join The CBS Morning Data with Mike Wallace, and, subsequent, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped rescuing new episodes in , even supposing some episodes continued to excellence used as educational films disclose classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, and it played for decades in syndication.[3][4][5] The series was briefly revived for syndication expect with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

A&E acquisition

The School of dance & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started household by ABC, NBC, the Publisher Corporation, and the Rockefeller Purpose, acquired the broadcast rights march Biography and began airing high-mindedness show on Tuesday nights energy 8pm beginning on April 6, , with Peter Graves pass for host.

In the words surrounding one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper left off."[4]

In , A&E acquired the truthful to the Biography trademark near library, and began producing in mint condition episodes of the show, which expanded the subjects from progressive figures to contemporary figures, as well as political leaders and popular celebrities, and which changed the promulgation from one that reported wildlife to one that recorded give as it unfolded.

A&E as well added on-camera interviews to class Biography format.[6][7][8]

In , A&E swollen the show from one shades of night per week to five (every weeknight at 8pm) and deputized over hours of new indoctrination. Journalist Jack Perkins joined greatness show as an alternate horde along with Graves.

For interpretation –96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding a sixth darkness, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from the previous weeks' news, such as Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, and Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L.

Wolper

Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Existence of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and the Siege On the way out Waco
  • The End of America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Fasten Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Augur of Evil
Traditional"Who Am I?

Primacy Biography Game" (board game)

Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In primacy mids, A&E expanded Biography arrive at a media franchise, including different cable channels, a website, a-okay monthly magazine, home videos, books for adults and children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several office shows, mini-series, and made-for-TV pictures, and even a board sport called "Who Am I?

Justness Biography Game."[6][7]

In January , A&E launched The History Channel, followed in November by The Account Channel U.K., which included natty British version of Biography append a British host. By , its tenth year on A&E, Biography had achieved its pre-eminent ratings yet, drawing over brand-new viewers,[9] six nights per hebdomad, and received its first Laurels nominations (The Presidents Award viewpoint Outstanding Informational Series).[10] A&E begun producing approximately hours of pristine programming each year, and enlarged the franchise into other communication.

Barnes & Noble began commercialism Biography videos in its viands. In the summer of , A&E launched In the hopelessness, a Saturday-morning children's version, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The following year, Biography won its culminating Emmy Award (Outstanding Informational Series), and was nominated in glimmer other categories.[10] The same vintage, Biography was allowed to enquire sitting First Lady Hillary Politico for an episode profiling baron Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton.

Extremely in , A&E released Biography audio tapes, and replaced hang over eight-year-old A&E Monthly magazine fit Biography magazine. Circulation started dear , in and grew add to several years (to , encourage early ;[13] , by mid; , by ; and, , by ). Crown Publishing Bunch, a subsidiary of Random The boards, began publishing a line quite a lot of page Biography paperbacks in , beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Pope John Unpleasant II.[14][8][15]

In , Biography was improvement twice a day, six era a week.

The episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, golden on three separate time slots on Sunday, June 21, , became the show's highest-rated happening up to that point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Cost Kurtis hosted a spin-off county show, Biography: American Justice, and deft series of Biography record albums by artists who had antique profiled on the show, inclusive of Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, innermost Lena Horne, was released unresponsive to EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In Nov, A&E created a spin-off meshwork called The Biography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical census and current political and common leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By , Biography had profiled people.

It won its shortly Emmy Award (Outstanding Sound Commingling For Nonfiction Programming)[10] and was on television in some expression seven nights per week, inclusive of an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. Roam year's episode profiling Ron Player was viewed in million housing, becoming a new Biography record.[17] Journalist Harry Smith (previously pounce on CBS's This Morning) joined Biography as the primary host, even though Peter Graves and Jack Perkins continued to appear on honesty show.[6][18]

By the end of honourableness century, Biography had profiled chill people, and on October 1, , A&E Networks expanded corruption British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of topping UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from to , and another 17% from get to , before increasing 6% subordinate Despite the decrease in ratings, by , Biography won warmth third Emmy Award (Outstanding Pic or Nonfiction Series), and stained its 1,th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded inconspicuously the ratings decline by inconsistent Biography's management personnel and entrance a marketing campaign centering chart photographs taken by photographer Annie Leibovitz of well-known subjects give it some thought had been profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Prizefighter, Steven Spielberg and Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced a show on picture Green River Valley killer impossible to differentiate a week," O'Hearn says.

During the time that Katharine Hepburn, John Ritter esoteric Gregory Peck died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if not on the obscurity they passed away, the mass night.

—&#;Variety, quoting Biography Vice Commandant Didi O'Hearn, [20]

In , landlord Harry Smith left to delineation CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began reducing the number signal nights Biography aired starting , when Neil Ross became depiction show's final host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] The growth of Biography's magazine circulation slowed in contemporary declined 9% in In , A&E scaled back Biography serial from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By , Ross had left dignity show and Biography was improvement only once a week, by and large on Friday nights with link back-to-back episodes.

A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Honourable, making new episodes of honourableness show exclusively available on Nobility Biography Channel. Its first day on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new scheduling, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Elegance Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John.

The following year, Justness Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In , Biography released unembellished documentary, Johnny Cash's America, panel with a companion DVD/CD case published by Legacy Recordings including an unreleased recitation by blue blood the gentry singer entitled "I Am decency Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode very soon in , and the impression ended its run in Teeny weeny , A&E replaced its underperforming Bio channel with The FYI Network and partnered with digital publisher SAY Media.

SAY Telecommunications began operating , while A&E continued producing short-form videos emancipation the website.[27]

revival

In , A&E Networks relaunched the franchise dictate a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for three healthy its channels, A&E, History mushroom Lifetime. Biography returned to A&E on June 28, , copy The Notorious Life of Mr big Smalls.

A&E announced that passion would produce up to 40 hours of new episodes chimpanzee part of the relaunch, containing features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Nice, Mike Tyson, and David Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early s syndicated Biography was narrated by Mike Insurgent, who won his first Educator Award on the show, tell launched his journalism career.

Insurgent left in to join The CBS Morning News with Microphone Wallace, and later, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a perishable revival of the show lay it on thick CBS.[3][28]

Actor Peter Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in , and he was joined feigned by journalist Jack Perkins whereas an alternate host, when leadership show expanded from one darkness per week to five.[7][14]

Where could you find maybe avert three successive nights the fairy-tale of Robert E.

Lee, Globetrotter Rose Lee and Bruce Lee?

—&#;Host Harry Smith, as quoted beside The Hartford Courant, [7]

In , after reportedly trying without advantage to recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Morning America) to replace Author and Perkins, A&E named newspaperman Harry Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the main host of Biography, although Author and Perkins continued to own acquire a role with the series.[6][18]

Smith left in to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Nonstop left in , and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled direction 1, subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," hold the words of host Beset Smith,[7] and as of , claims to contain over 7, biographical profiles on its website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Daffo Howard, the Gambino crime race, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast in , Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Martin, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, River Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward Indistinct.

    Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Satisfaction Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins

  • Musicians: Bob Singer, Elvis Presley, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Medico Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C.

    Penney, the Woolworth family, Barbara Hutton[6]

  • Professional wrestlers: Andre the Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: Attila the Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and more recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the space program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious abstruse mystical figures: Jesus Christ, Mephistopheles, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has anachronistic described as "an undisputed phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's uppermost respected programs,"[8] "one of distinction most popular series on mooring TV,"[3] "the belle of integrity Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the greatest pervasive series of history flicks found in classroom libraries."[5] Be a bestseller has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] In , a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is there ditty who doesn't like, or repute the very least hasn't blocked to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Award good turn three Academy of Television Subject & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series in , Outstanding Sound Mixing For Prose Programming in , and Prominent Informational Series in The parade has been nominated for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (–), Outstanding Informational Group (), Outstanding Individual Achievement Helpful Programming (), Outstanding Documentary Institute Nonfiction Series (–, –09, ), Outstanding Picture Editing For Accurate Programming (), and Outstanding Instructive Series ().[10][34][35]

Not all reviews be born with been positive.

The same Hartford Courant writer criticized the completely s version of the exhibition for focusing on "great men".[7] A writer for The Newfound York Times described Biography monkey "skipping easily, and often superficially" from one subject to magnanimity next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routinemarred by errors and omissions,"[32] and "suffer[ing] mourning vision."[36] An episode on Fidel Castro was criticized as receipt "a distinct anti-Castro edge dampen Mike Wallace."[5] The Dwight General Presidential Library includes a forge of a Biography episode featuring Eisenhower with the notation, "There are some simplifications of file and condensation of events."[37] Clever Salt Lake Tribune TV essayist wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil obligation have been more careful" find time for avoid confusing the LDS Cathedral with the FLDS Church "through careless editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

President th edition of CBS narrative series. Follows Eisenhower from origin to There are some simplifications of facts and condensation close events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

—&#;Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Go into Archives entry for Biography episode[37]

In , the American Library Reaper wrote that is an "extensive site" and "the perfect start for anyone looking for training or historical and biographical information."[39] In , was named pure "Ten Best Reference Website" give up The Sunday Times.[40] has antediluvian cited as a source strong The New York Times,[41]The Educator Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] The Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Boston Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In well-liked culture

Biography has been a division on the television game occurrence Jeopardy!.[6] In , the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! frank an episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The occurrence was shot in the take delivery of of A&E's Biography, and steadfast on the life of helpful of the show's main script, Nina Van Horn. The phase featured interviews with the strike characters of the show post multiple special guest stars, containing Don Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollack, Pat Sajak, Vanna Chalky, and Buddy Hackett.

The sheet also included an introduction, outcome, and voiceover provided by then-host Harry Smith.[48]

See also

References

  1. ^"About the Producers". America at a Crossroads. PBS. Retrieved January 23,
  2. ^ ab"Biography: an exciting new look story the inside stories of downright lives"(PDF).

    Sponsor. November 27, p.&#;4. Retrieved November 16,

  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F.

    (). The Complete Directory to First-rate Time Network and Cable Boob tube Shows, –Present. Random House Notification Group. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved Nov 17,

  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
    • Bernstein, Adam (April 8, ).

      "Mike Wallace dies; veteran journalist become peaceful former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Apr 14, Retrieved March 23,

    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, ). "Mike Wallace, CBS Pioneer of '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93". The New York Times. Archived superior the original on November 24, Retrieved November 16,
  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff ().

    Films you axiom in school&#;: a critical regard of 1, classroom educational motion pictures (–) in 74 subject categories(PDF). McFarland & Company. ISBN&#;. Archived(PDF) from the original on Nov 16, Retrieved November 16,

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, ).

    "HARRY SMITH JOINS THE Countenance ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,

  7. ^ abcdefghiEndrst, James (March 1, ).

    "'BIOGRAPHY': A FORMULA WITH Neighbouring POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived exotic the original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,

  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History".

    International Directory of Company Histories. Vol.&#; St. James Press. Retrieved November 13, &#; via Service

  9. ^Richmond, Ray (December 24, ). "Record ratings for A&E, 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the modern on November 15, Retrieved Nov 14,
  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")".

    Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Archived from the modern on November 15, Retrieved Nov 14,

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    Archived get round the original on November 15, Retrieved November 13,

  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, ). "The Story Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN&#; Archived go over the top with the original on August 31, Retrieved November 18,
  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, ).

    "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,

  14. ^ abcdefghijkPollak, Michael (March 14, ).

    "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Getting, Dies at 83". The Virgin York Times. Archived from probity original on March 18, Retrieved November 14,

  15. ^For Hillary Clinton:For books:
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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Blackamoor (September 10, ). "Howard secrete on 'Biography'". Variety. Archived outsider the original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,
  18. ^ abcdFor Harry Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job".

      AP News. Jan 19, Retrieved November 14,

    • Dempsey, John (January 19, ). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, ). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
    • Huff, Richard (January 20, ).

      "HARRY SMITH JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Daily News. Retrieved Nov 14,

  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, ). "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy. Archived from justness original on August 12, Retrieved August 12,
  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, ).

    "'Biography' begins new chapter". Variety. Archived escaping the original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,

  21. ^Dempsey, Convenience (June 17, ). "A&E illumination fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
  22. ^""60 Minutes" icon Mike Wallace dies at 93".

    CBS News. Apr 26, p.&#;3. Archived from birth original on November 17, Retrieved November 16,

  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". . Archived from the original temptation October 5, Retrieved November 16,
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      "'Biography' Rebirth Ordered by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the beginning on November 15, Retrieved Nov 13,

    • Lynch, Jason (April 1, ). "A+E Networks Marks Secure Return to the Upfronts afford Relaunching the Biography Franchise". Adweek. Archived from the original dilemma November 15, Retrieved November 14,
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      "'Biography' Franchise Returns as Go Programming Across A+E Networks Channels". Variety. Archived from the latest on March 22, Retrieved Go by shanks`s pony 23,

    • Petski, Denise (March 21, ). "'Biography' Franchise Returns Let your hair down A+E Networks". Deadline. Penske Precipitous Media. Archived from the recent on November 4, Retrieved Nov 14,
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      "A&E Doubles Down Belt Nonfiction, Exits Scripted In Brainwashing Strategy Shift". Deadline. Penske Labour Media, LLC. Archived from primacy original on November 23, Retrieved November 14,

    • For SAY Media:Sebastian, Michael (February 28, ). "Bio Channel's Website to Outlive prestige TV Network". Ad Age.

      Crain Communications. Archived from the contemporary on November 15, Retrieved Nov 14,

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    (March 20, ). "Revered example Reviled in the Name brake Biography". The New York Times. Archived from the original fight November 15, Retrieved November 14,

  29. ^"About Biography". . Archived get out of the original on November 13, Retrieved November 13,
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  31. ^ abSandler, Adam (December 21, ). "Biography Shari Lewis and Lamb Chop". Variety. Archived from the conniving on November 15, Retrieved Nov 14,
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  33. ^Rees, S. (November 19, ). "George Lucas: Creating disallow Empire". . Retrieved March 28,
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  35. ^Link, Put your feet up (November 13, ). "David Acclaim. Wolper: Hall of Fame Tribute". Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Archived from the first on November 17, Retrieved Nov 16,
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    "Biography Stan Lee: Birth Comix-Man". Variety. Archived from birth original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,

  37. ^ ab"Audiovisual Dept. Motion Picture Film EL-MP BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER "(PDF). Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library.

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  38. ^Pierce, Scott D. (February 19, ). "A&E's biography of polygamist chairman Warren Jeffs confuses FLDS collect LDS". Salt Lake Tribune. Archived from the original on Nov 18, Retrieved November 18,
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    American Library Association. December 14, Archived from the original error of judgment November 15, Retrieved November 17,

  40. ^Peake, Mike (September 20, ). "The ten best reference websites". The Sunday Times. Retrieved Nov 14,
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    "10 Sports Names Wander Will Help You Become pure Better Crossword Solver". The Modern York Times. Archived from probity original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,

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    Archived from the original leave out December 14, Retrieved November 14,

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    • Simmons, Ann M.

      (June 7, ). "Clinton is set exceed make history, but female forefront are nothing new in fear parts of the world". Los Angeles Times. Archived from prestige original on November 15, Retrieved November 14,

    • "Fidel Castro: level dates in a life lose one\'s train of thought defined modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times.

      Archived from the advanced on November 15, Retrieved Nov 14,

  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, ). "Almost a 100 after release, monster movies yet deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the original on Nov 15, Retrieved November 14,
  46. ^For example: