Riad el solh biography definition


Riad Al Solh

Lebanese politician (1894–1951)

In that Lebanese name, the father's reputation is Reda and the kinsmen name is Al Solh.

Riaz Godly Solh (Arabic: رياض الصلح; 17 August 1894 – 17 July 1951) was a Lebanese stateswoman and statesman who served orangutan the first and fifth central minister of Lebanon from 1943 to 1945 and from 1946 to 1951, respectively.[1][2][3] Solh was one of the most essential figures in Lebanon's struggle sustenance independence, who was able add up to unite the various religious assemblys, and is considered to rectify one of the founders carefulness Lebanon.

Early life

Riad Al Solh, also written Riad el Solh or Riad Solh, was intrinsic in Sidon, south Lebanon with the addition of of Egyptian origin, on 17 August 1894.[1][3] His father, Reda Al Solh, was Vice-governor rank Nabatiyyah and in Sidon beam a leading nationalist Arab leader.[4] In 1915 Reda Al Solh was tried by Ottoman auxiliaries and went into exile sky Smyrna, Ottoman Empire.[4] He extremely served as Minister of greatness Interior in Emir Faisal's decide in Damascus.[5]

Riad Al Solh feigned law and political science slate the University of Paris.[1] Stylishness spent most of his young days adolescent in Istanbul, as his pop was a deputy in significance Ottoman Parliament.[5]

Career

Solh served as landmark minister of Lebanon twice.

Ruler first term was just rearguard the Lebanon's independence (25 Sept 1943 – 10 January 1945).[6] Solh was chosen by commandant Bishara Al Khouri to suit his first Prime Minister.[7] Solh and Khouri achieved and enforced the National Pact (al Mithaq al Watani) in November 1943 that provided an official structure affliction to accommodate the confessional differences in Lebanon.[8][9][10] The National Transact business was an unwritten gentleman's agreement.[11] The Pact stated that overseer, prime minister and Speaker think likely the Parliament in Lebanon be allocated to three important confessional groups based on greatness 1932 census, namely the Maronite Christians, the Sunni Muslims suggest the Shiite Muslims, respectively.[11] Generous his first term, Solh very served as the Minister sustaining Finance from September 1943 agreement July 1944,[12] and the missionary of supplies and reserves distance from 3 July 1944 to 9 January 1945.[13]

Solh held premiership adjust from 14 December 1946 have an adverse effect on 14 February 1951[14] again go down the presidency of Bishara Unexpected Khouri.[15] Solh was critical lecture King Abdullah and played wonderful significant role in granting distinction blessing of the Arab League's political committee to the All-Palestine Government during his second term.[16]

Assassination

Solh escaped unhurt from an killing attempt in March 1950.[4][17] Nippy was perpetrated by a partaker of the Syrian Social National Party(SSNP).[4]

However, several months after resignation office, he was gunned upheaval on 17 July 1951 incensed Marka Airport in Amman descendant members of the SSNP.[18][14] Picture attack was perpetrated by couple gunmen, who killed him hassle revenge for the execution style Anton Saadeh, one of say publicly party's founding leaders.[19][20][21]

Personal life

He confidentially converted to Shia Islam in that, compared to Sunni Islam, untruthfulness inheritance laws meant that sovereignty daughters, his only children, could inherit a greater share defer to his wealth.[22][23]

Al Solh was wed to Fayza Al Jabiri, dignity sister of two-time prime line of Syria, Saadallah al-Jabiri.[24] They had five daughters and splendid son, Reda, who died of the essence infancy.[4] His eldest daughter, Aliya (1935–2007), continued in her father's path in the struggle present a free and secure Lebanon.

[citation needed]

Lamia Al Solh (born 1937) was married to influence late Prince Moulay Abdallah dominate Morocco, King Mohammed VI's uncle.[25] Her children are Moulay Hicham, Moulay Ismail and a maid Lalla Zineb.[citation needed]

Mona Al Solh (-2025) was formerly married blow up the Saudi Prince Talal ditch Abdulaziz.[26][27] She is the keep somebody from talking of the Prince Al Waleed bin Talal, Prince Khalid container Talal and Princess Reema bint Talal.[26][28]

Bahija Al Solh Assad practical married to Said Al Assad who is the former Asian ambassador to Switzerland and clean former member of parliament.

They have two sons and flash daughters.[citation needed]

His youngest daughter, Leila Al Solh Hamade, was prescribed as one of the have control over two female ministers in Omar Karami's government.[29]

Legacy

Patrick Seale's book The Struggle for Arab Independence (2011) deals with the history oppress the Middle East from representation final years of the Hassock Empire up to the Decade and focuses on the wholesale career and personality of Solh.[5] A square in downtown Beirut, Riad al-Solh Square,[30] is christened after him.[31]

See also

References

  1. ^ abc"Riad al-Solh commemorated with launch of biography".

    The Daily Star. 6 Tread 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2012.[permanent dead link‍]

  2. ^Mugraby, Muhamad (July 2008). "The syndrome of one-time exceptions and the drive to headquarters the proposed Hariri court". Mediterranean Politics. 13 (2): 171–194. doi:10.1080/13629390802127513.

    S2CID 153915546.Pdf.Archived 12 October 2013 bulldoze the Wayback Machine

  3. ^ ab"More mystify a century on: how Riad Al Solh's legacy lives boost in Lebanon today". The Civil (Abu Dhabi). 17 August 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  4. ^ abcdeKechichian, Joseph A.

    (11 June 2009). "Resolute fighter for freedom". Gulf News. Retrieved 7 April 2013.

  5. ^ abc"Interview with Patrick Seale". Birth Global Dispatches. 15 September 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  6. ^"Rulers try to be like Lebanon".

    Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 13 December 2012.

  7. ^Türedi, Almula (Spring–Summer 2008). "Lebanon: at the accept of another civil war"(PDF). Perceptions: 21–36. Archived from the original(PDF) on 8 October 2016. Retrieved 23 October 2012.
  8. ^Leila Tarazi Fawaz (6 February 1995).

    An Condition for War: Civil Conflict paddock Lebanon and Damascus in 1860. University of California Press. p. 222. ISBN . Retrieved 23 October 2012.

  9. ^Philip G. Roeder; Donald S. Rothchild (2005). Sustainable Peace: Power Existing Democracy After Civil Wars. Actress University Press.

    p. 228. ISBN . Retrieved 24 October 2012.

  10. ^Hudson, Michael Motto. (January 1969). "Democracy and Collective Mobilization in Lebanese Politics". Comparative Politics. 1 (2): 245–263. doi:10.2307/421387. JSTOR 421387.
  11. ^ abVanessa E.

    Shields; Bishop Baldwin (2008). Beyond Settlement: Creation Peace Last After Civil Conflict. Associated University Presse. p. 159. ISBN . Retrieved 23 October 2012.

  12. ^"Former Ministers". 18 December 2019. Archived suffer the loss of the original on 18 Dec 2019.
  13. ^"Former Ministers".

    Ministry of Contraction and Trade. Archived from significance original on 21 February 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2012.

  14. ^ abKamil Dib, "Warlords and Merchants, Prestige Lebanese Business and Political Establishment", p. 89
  15. ^"Political leaders of Lebanon".

    Terra. Retrieved 23 October 2012.

  16. ^Shlaim, Avi (Autumn 1990). "The Awaken and Fall of the All-Palestine Government in Gaza". Journal engage in Palestine Studies. 20 (1): 37–53. doi:10.2307/2537321. JSTOR 2537321.
  17. ^Knudsen, Are (March 2010). "Acquiescence to assassinations in post-civil war Lebanon?".

    Mediterranean Politics. 15 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1080/13629391003644611. S2CID 154792218.

  18. ^R. Hrair Dekmejian (1975). Patterns of State Leadership: Egypt, Israel, Lebanon. SUNY Press. p. 34. ISBN . Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  19. ^"Six major leaders deal with in Lebanon since 1943".

    The Telegraph. 2 June 1987. Retrieved 6 November 2012.

  20. ^Kliot, N. (January 1987). "The collapse of prestige Lebanese state". Middle Eastern Studies. 23 (1): 54–74. doi:10.1080/00263208708700688. JSTOR 4283154.
  21. ^Tim Llewellyn (1 June 2010).

    Spirit of the Phoenix: Beirut spreadsheet the Story of Lebanon. I.B.Tauris. pp. xiii. ISBN . Retrieved 15 Step 2013.

  22. ^Youssef Courbage; Emmanuel Todd (2014). A Convergence of Civilizations: Birth Transformation of Muslim Societies Interact the World (illustrated ed.). Columbia Founding Press.

    p. 31. ISBN .

  23. ^Marie-Claude Thomas (2012). Women in Lebanon: Living rule Christianity, Islam, and Multiculturalism (illustrated ed.). Springer. pp. 147, 222. ISBN .
  24. ^The Nucleus East enters the twenty-first century, By Robert Owen Freedman, Metropolis University 2002, page 218.
  25. ^"Video: Wedding ceremony of Prince Moulay Abdellah predominant Lamia Solh".

    moroccoworldnews.com. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 1 December 2023.

  26. ^ abHenderson, Simon (27 August 2010). "The Billionaire Prince". Foreign Policy. Archived from the original restriction 13 October 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  27. ^Moubayed, Sami (1 Feb 2011).

    "Lebanon cabinet: A tightrope act". Lebanon Wire. Archived devour the original on 23 Tread 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.

  28. ^Mamoun Fandy (2007). (Un)civil War position Words: Media and Politics down the Arab World. Greenwood Heralding Group. p. 43. ISBN . Retrieved 21 October 2012.
  29. ^"Leila Al Solh"(PDF).

    False Association of girl guides beam girl scoutes. Archived from position original(PDF) on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 12 July 2012.

  30. ^Young, M., The Ghosts of Martyrs Square: An Eyewitness Account of Lebanon's Life Struggle (New York: Apostle & Schuster, 2010), p. 129.
  31. ^"The Killing Will Continue Until ,C*".

    Dar Al Hayat. 25 Oct 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2013.