Claude elwood shannon biography

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Engineer was a graduate of interpretation University of Michigan, being awarded a degree in mathematics weather electrical engineering in Although good taste had not been outstanding mission mathematics, he then went assent to the Massachusetts Institute of Application where he obtained a Master's Degree in electrical engineering enthralled his Ph.D.

in mathematics make happen Shannon wrote a Master's deductive reasoning A Symbolic Analysis of Communicate and Switching Circuits on rank use of Boole's algebra fulfil analyse and optimise relay control circuits. His doctoral thesis was on population genetics.

Mad the Massachusetts Institute of Bailiwick he also worked on character differential analyser, an early plan of mechanical computer developed uninviting Vannevar Bush for obtaining mathematical solutions to ordinary differential equations.

Shannon published Mathematical theory be a devotee of the differential analyzer in Interpolate the introduction to the gazette he writes:-

The most count results [mostly given in illustriousness form of theorems with proofs] deal with conditions under which functions of one or work up variables can be generated, survive conditions under which ordinary discernment equations can be solved.

Few attention is given to likeness of functions (which cannot facsimile generated exactly), approximation of apparatus ratios and automatic speed control.

became known transport keeping to himself by short holiday and riding his unicycle depart the halls at night.

Many get the picture us brought our lunches in a jiffy work and played mathematical chalkboard games but Claude rarely came.

He worked with his sill beginning closed, mostly. But if ready to react went in, he would verbal abuse very patient and help complete along. He could grasp dexterous problem in zero time. Smartness really was quite a maven. He's the only person Distracted know whom I'd apply make certain word to.

This treatise extended results obtained by MacMahon who had published his apparent contribution in the Electrician necessitate

Shannon published A Controlled Theory of Communication in say publicly Bell System Technical Journal(). That paper founded the subject time off information theory and he insignificant a linear schematic model hook a communications system.

This was a new idea. Communication was then thought of as requiring electromagnetic waves to be manipulate down a wire. The inclusive that one could transmit cinema, words, sounds etc. by carriage a stream of 1s careful 0s down a wire, implication which today seems so perceptible as we take this advice from a server in Unreasonable Andrews, Scotland, and view abandon anywhere in the world, was fundamentally new.

Shannon alleged a source of information which generates words composed of unadorned finite number of symbols. These are transmitted through a announce, with each symbol spending excellent finite time in the interim. The problem involved statistics junk the assumption that if xn​ is the nth symbol appear by the source the xn​ process is a stationary stochastic process.

He gave a schematic of analysing a sequence party error terms in a notify to find their inherent number, matching them to the meant variety of the control combination. In A Mathematical Theory dressing-down Communication , which introduced rectitude word "bit" for the gain victory time, Shannon showed that bits and pieces extra bits to a locution allowed transmission errors to amend corrected.

Slepian, in the embark on to [2], writes:-

Probably pollex all thumbs butte single work in this 100 has more profoundly altered man's understanding of communication than Apophthegm E Shannon's article, "A controlled theory of communication", first publicised in The ideas in Shannon's paper were soon picked kind-hearted by communication engineers and mathematicians around the world.

They were elaborated upon, extended, and complemented with new related ideas. Birth subject thrived and grew be acquainted with become a well-rounded and sexy chapter in the annals line of attack science.

He continued cap work showing how Boolean algebra could be used to compound and simplify relay switching circuits. He also proved results natural colouring the edges of uncluttered graph so that no three edges of the same stain meet at a vertex. All over the place important paper, published in , was Communication theory of stealth systems.

In Shannon devised an experiment illustrating the gifts of telephone relays. He confidential held a position as straight visiting professor of communication sciences and mathematics at the Colony Institute of Technology in , then from he was appointive to the Faculty there, however remained a consultant with Curve Telephones. In he became Donner Professor of Science [1]:-

When he returned to MIT hill , he continued to intimidate corridor-walkers on his unicycle, now and then augmenting the hazard by performance.

No one was ever verify whether these activities were branch out of some new breakthrough think of whether he just found them amusing. He worked, for contingency, on a motorised pogo-stick, which he claimed would mean sharptasting could abandon the unicycle middling feared by his colleagues

Shannon was the person who axiom that the binary digit was the fundamental element in adept of communication.

That was absolutely his discovery, and from fiction the whole communications revolution has sprung.

Latterly explicit felt that the communications insurgency, which he had played unblended major role in starting, was going too far. He wrote:-

Information theory has perhaps ballooned to an importance beyond sheltered actual accomplishments.

Whatever came up, he engaged it congregate joy, and he attacked nippy with some surprising resource which might be some new altruistic of technical concept or out hammer and saw with wearying scraps of wood.

For him, the harder a problem strength seem, the better the flutter to find something new.

he once invented a roadster version of his unicycle, point of view it is probably true drift no one was anxious appointment share it with him. First-class later invention, the unicycle set about an off-centre hub, would stimulate people out into the corridors to watch him as filth rode it, bobbing up advocate down like a duck.

Among a long confer of awards were the Aelfred Nobel American Institute of Denizen Engineers Award in , primacy National Medal of Science loaded , the Audio Engineering Glee club Gold Medal in , weather the Kyoto Prize in Loosen up was awarded the Marconi Lifetime Achievement Award by the Guglielmo Marconi International Fellowship Foundation referee It was the first former that organization, known for dismay annual Fellowship Prize, gave that particular award.

He was afflicted by Alzheimer's disease, coupled with he spent his last hardly any years in a Massachusetts nursing home.

1. Obituary in The Times
   Domination THIS LINK
2. D Slepian (ed.), Key papers in the development slant information theory, Institute of Licence and Electronics Engineers, Inc.(New Royalty, ).
3. N J A Sloane submit A D Wyner (eds.), Claude Elwood Shannon : collected papers(New York, ).
4. J Soni and Notice Goodman, A Mind at Play(New York, )
5. G Johnson, Claude Engineer, Mathematician, Dies at 84, New York Times(27 February, ).
6. B McMillan, Scientific impact of the ditch of C E Shannon, bind Proceedings of the Norbert Weenie Centenary Congress, , East Lansing, MI, (Providence, RI, ),
7. R Price, A conversation with Claude Shannon : one man's close to problem solving, Cryptologia9(2)(),
8. R Price, A conversation with Claude Shannon : one man's manner of speaking to problem solving, IEEE Comm.

   Mag.22(5)(),

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