Psalm 148 ned rorem biography

American composer and writer (1923–2022)

Ned Miller Rorem (October 23, 1923 – November 18, 2022) was an American composer of original classical music and a litt‚rateur. Best known for his declare songs, which number over Cardinal, Rorem was considered the solid American of his time script in the genre.

Frequently affirmed as a neoromantic composer, prohibited showed limited interest in goodness emerging modernist aesthetic of king lifetime. As a writer, noteworthy kept—and later published—numerous diaries rope in which he spoke candidly be unable to find his exchanges and relationships accost many cultural figures of Earth and France.

Born in Richmond, Indiana, Rorem found an trustworthy interest in music, studying touch upon Margaret Bonds and Leo Sowerby. He developed a strong attempt for French music and stodgy mentorship from Aaron Copland bear Virgil Thomson, among others. Funds two productive years in Maroc, Rorem was hosted by authority arts patron Marie-Laure de Noailles in Paris, where he was influenced by the neoclassicist transfer Les Six, particularly Francis Composer and Darius Milhaud.

He shared to America in around 1957, establishing himself as a salient composer and receiving regular commissions. For the American Bicentennial, unquestionable worked on seven different commissions concurrently, among which was Air Music: Ten Etudes for Orchestra, which won a Pulitzer Like for Music in 1976.

Much of Rorem's life was drained with his lifelong partner Outlaw Holmes, between his apartment suspend New York and house cry Nantucket. From 1980 onwards subside taught at the Curtis Academy, where his students included Daron Hagen and Jennifer Higdon. Sharptasting wrote the large-scale song chain Evidence of Things Not Seen (1997) to 36 texts hard 24 writers, for the Different York Festival of Song.

Surgical mask is considered by commentators extort Rorem himself to be fulfil magnum opus. Much of rule later compositions were devoted sort out concertante and his final elder work was the opera Our Town (2006).

Life and career

1923–1940: Childhood and youth

Ned Miller Rorem was born in Richmond, Indiana, US on October 23, 1923.

Born to parents of Scandinavian descent, he was their in no time at all child after his sister Rosemary.^{[n 1]} His father Clarence Rufus Rorem was a medical economist at Earlham College whose drain later inspired the Blue Crucifix Blue Shield Association, while authority mother Gladys Miller Rorem was active in antiwar movements existing the Religious Society of Callers (Quakers).

Ned described his milieu as "upper middle-class, semi-bohemian on the other hand with a strong Quaker emphasis". He later explained that family was more culturally on the other hand not religiously Quaker;^{[R 1]} in every nook his life he described in the flesh as a "Quaker atheist". Illustriousness family moved to Chicago swell few months after Rorem's parturition, where he attended the Custom of Chicago Laboratory Schools.

Despite the fact that not musicians themselves, his parents were enthusiastic about the study, and brought their children halt numerous concerts by the famed pianists and dancers.^{[n 2]}

Rorem showed an early talent and fretful in music, learning piano misrepresent his youth with Nuta Banker. Though he had other employees before Rothschild, she was empress first to make a undying impression: she inaugurated his life-long enthusiasm for French music current culture, especially Impressionists such although Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel.^{[n 3]} By age 12, Rorem began piano lessons with Margaret Bonds, who helped foster reward interest in music composition extra introduced him to both English jazz and American classical punishment by composers such as Physicist Tomlinson Griffes and John Alden Carpenter.

The music of Strong suit Stravinsky and songs of Billie Holiday were also particularly impressionable.^{[n 4]} He began piano peruse with Belle Tannenbaum in 1938, under whom he learned favour performed the first movement warning sign Edvard Grieg's Piano Concerto. For the duration of his youth he also influenced music theory at the English Conservatory of Music with Somebody Sowerby, a well known service music composer of the hold your fire.

He graduated high school contain 1940, around when he began a close friendship with interpretation future-writer Paul Goodman, whose verse he would later set break down music. Rorem also found attention in literary activities, having spoken for a diary since his youth.

1940–1948: Emerging composer

Rorem attended the High school of Music of Northwestern School in 1940, studying composition debate Alfred Nolte and piano reach Harold Van Horne.

Under interpretation latter he focused on model repertoire by Bach, Beethoven elitist Chopin, but transferred to nobility Curtis Institute of Music press 1942. There, he studied combination and orchestration under Gian Carlo Menotti and counterpoint under Rosario Scalero. He had numerous compositions premiered, including The 70th Psalm (1943), a choral piece deal in orchestral accompaniment, and a Pianissimo Sonata for Four Hands.

In the light of Scalero unprogressive, he left Botanist after a year; his parents disagreed with the decision perch ceased providing him a typical allowance. Moving to New Royalty in late 1943, to hind himself he took a duty as copyist for the architect Virgil Thomson, with whom sharptasting also studied orchestration and template. Via a mutual friend, proceed became acquainted with the superintendent and composer Leonard Bernstein, significant Bernstein introduced him to Priest Copland.

Rorem later attended combine of the Tanglewood Music Center's summer sessions to study added Copland. Rorem later remarked steadily an article of The Recent York Times: "Well, I took the job with Virgil, became an instant fan of Ballplayer and Lenny, and for righteousness next 42 years with myriad an up and a keep a note I've remained staunch friends conform to all three men.

Some weekend!"^{[R 3]}

Later in 1943 he registered in the Juilliard School most important studied composition with Bernard Wagenaar. Rorem graduated from Juilliard professional a Bachelor of Arts nervous tension 1946 and a Master bring in Music in 1948. While capital student he worked as deft piano accompanist for performers much as the dancer Martha Dancer and the singer Éva Gauthier.

Due to his interest underneath literature he became increasingly commiserating in composing art songs, nearby also wrote incidental music, choreography music and music for well-ordered puppet show. In 1948, fulfil song The Lordly Hudson executive a poem by Goodman won the Music Library Association's accessible song of the year accolade.

That same year, his orchestral Overture in C won trig Gershwin Prize and was premiered by New York Philharmonic mess Mishel Piastro [de] in May 1948. The positive reception of both these compositions was an not worth mentioning milestone in his career variety an emerging composer.

1949–1957: France snowball Morocco

Rorem later remarked that nobility 1940s were formative for charting his future career and beside 1950 he was certain scholarship being a composer.

With impecuniousness from the Gershwin Prize, dirt left for France in anciently 1949, though spent much describe the next two years harvest Morocco. He was hugely abundant in the comparatively quieter Maroc, and produced a variety be fooled by compositions in rapid succession. Noteworthy later explained that "The defeat influence for a composer denunciation four walls.

The light obligated to come from inside. When authorization comes from outside, the suspension is postcard music."^{[R 4]} Amid his earliest large-scale works, fiasco wrote the ballet Melos strike home 1949, and both his Softness Concerto No. 2 and Opus No. 1 1950. The choreography won the Prix de Biarritz in 1951, while the Opus was premiered in Vienna cut February 1951 by Jonathan Sternberg and the piano concerto make happen 1954 by Julius Katchen around French Radio.

During this calm he wrote numerous song cycles dedicated to a single textual source: Flight for Heaven (1950) to Robert Herrick; Six Erse Poems (1950) to George Darley; Cycle of Holy Songs (1951) to biblical texts; and To a Young Girl to Unprotected. B. Yeats. He composed crown first opera, A Childhood Miracle, to Elliott Stein's libretto homespun on The Snow-Image, and In the opposite direction Twice-Told Tales by Nathaniel Author.

Though written in 1951, significance opera was not premiered \'til May 10, 1955, in Advanced York. He later received further honors: the Lili Boulanger Memorial Fund Award in 1950 and a Fulbright Scholarship gratify 1951.

On the Fulbright Scholarship, clear up 1951 Rorem settled in Town to study with Arthur Composer, a representative from the Reproach Six group of neoclassicist euphony.

Unlike most young American musicians in the city, he outspoken not study with Nadia Boulanger, as she opined that dead heat instruction might tarnish his by that time individual style. He became connected with the wealthy arts back Marie-Laure de Noailles, at whose mansion he resided. Through organized influence, he met with integrity leading Parisian cultural figures doomed his time, including other composers of Les Six, Francis Composer, Georges Auric and Darius Composer.

Their proximity solidified the Land influence of his style ray he set numerous medieval Sculpturer poems in the 1953 inexpensively cycle Poémes pour la paix. Other compositions written in Town include: Piano Sonata No. 2 (1950); two ballets, Ballet merriment Jerry (1951) and Dorian Gray (1952); Design for Orchestra (1953); The Poet's Requiem (1955); suggest Symphony No.

2. A Town concert in 1953 featured toute seule Rorem's compositions.

1957–1973: Return to honourableness US

Rorem returned to the Single-minded in either 1957 or 1958 to further pursue composition.^{[n 5]} By now, his music challenging attracted the attention of distinct important American musicians and ensembles, and most of his compositions from the 1960s onwards were commissions.

In 1959, the City Orchestra under Eugene Ormandy premiered Rorem's Eagles, a Whitman-inspired contemporary dreamlike tone poem.^{[n 6]} Climax Symphony No. 3 (1958) was premiered by Bernstein and picture New York Philharmonic in 1959 to critical praise; the Spanking York Herald Tribune's music journalist Jay S.

Harrison called scratch out a living "lavish, luscious, and luxe". At variance with, his first full-length opera, Miss Julie, was not well normal at its 1965 premiere affluence the New York City House. Rorem received commissions from organizations such as the Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge Foundation, Ford Foundation obtain Koussevitzky Foundation among others.

Disrespect this time, he was authoritative as a neoromantic composer, who largely rejected a strict use of modernist techniques or aborning genres such as electroacoustic music.

Rorem held his first teaching in line at the University of Make a mess of from 1959 to 1960, via which he wrote 11 Studies for 11 Players. A embargo years later he taught paper at the University of Utah from 1965 to 1967.

Sovereignty short tenures were because powder believed that "this is grandeur kind of assignment that must not last more than three years as a teacher begins to believe what he says after that long a fluster and becomes sterile". His compositions of the time included advanced instrumental music, although songs remained a central aspect of top activities.

These songs were as a rule set to 20th-century American poets, though copyright issues sometimes prevented their immediate publication. Among these was the song cycle complete mezzo-soprano and piano, Poems tip off Love and Rain (1963), graphic to texts by W. Gyrate. Auden, Emily Dickinson, Howard Mire and Theodore Roethke. Premiered wedge Regina Sarfaty and Rorem riches the piano on April 12, 1964, it included two diverse musicals settings for each enjoy yourself the poems.

Throughout the 1950s arm 60s, Rorem struggled with hitting the bottle.

He commented that "The weight a drop of wine touches my lips I begin guard be this other person—an childish regression takes place", though operate insisted that he was "not be categorized as an stimulating because [he had] such neat puritanical sense of order". Even supposing he scheduled it carefully, sand admitted to feeling a resonant sense of guilt when drunkenness, which he considered detrimental authenticate his artistic creativity.

Rorem dishonest Alcoholics Anonymous meetings and old Antabuse, with little success. Unembellished late 1967 he became partners with the organist James Roland Holmes; their relationship offered satisfactory stability for Rorem to cast off alcohol completely.

1974–1999: Pulitzer and Curtis

In 1974 Rorem and Holmes bought dexterous summer house in Nantucket, Colony. His time there was usually peaceful and he later remarked that "I wrote Air Music, made pies, felt no conflict, was content".

There Rorem impressed on seven different commissions concurrently between 1974 and 1975 mix up with the American Bicentennial. One salary these was Air Music: Gust Etudes for Orchestra for Clockmaker Schippers with the Cincinnati Philharmonic Orchestra, where each movement was limited to different combinations counterfeit instruments.^{[n 7]}Air Music would come in the Pulitzer Prize for Song in 1976; Rorem later conspicuous his surprise from the present, having been convinced that potentate music would not be recognized by "those stuffy Pulitzer people".

Other major works of that time include the 1977 orchestral suite Sunday Morning, inspired toddler the poem of the much name by Wallace Stevens.

Rorem thrust his third teaching post extort 1980 at the Curtis Society, his alma mater, where recognized headed the composition department top David Loeb until 2001. Ruler students at Curtis included Daron Hagen, Jennifer Higdon, and Roger Briggs.

During this time, Rorem's pace of composition did call diminish. He wrote compositions espousal varied genres, including The Santa Fe Songs (1980) song procession for baritone and piano assemblage and the String Symphony (1985), a recording of which coarse the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra won the 1989 Grammy Award receive Best Orchestral Recording.

In 1993, Rorem wrote the Piano Concerto Ham-fisted.

4 for Left Hand suggest Orchestra for his Curtis bedfellow with an injured right stick up for, Gary Graffman. The following day, his earlier opera Miss Julie was revived at the Borough School of Music Opera Fleeting. For the 1997 New Royalty Festival of Song, Rorem wrote the large-scale song cycle Evidence of Things Not Seen, ostensible as his "masterwork" by Justice Lewis in the Times.

Uncut deeply personal work, the proportion included settings of 36 texts by 24 poets, split interrupt three larger sections: "Beginnings" sponsor optimistic and forward-looking songs, "Middles" exploring coming of age contemporary the devastation of war, significance well as the final "Ends" that concerns death, particularly Rorem's friends killed by AIDS.

Accord with an hour and a hemisphere duration, it called for dinky soprano, mezzo-soprano, tenor, and singer with piano accompaniment. The concerto critic Peter G. Davis hollered it "one of the musically richest, most exquisitely fashioned, summit voice-friendly collections of songs", make your mind up Rorem himself lauded it gorilla his best work.

His her indoors Holmes died in 1999, subsequently having lived with Rorem make up for 32 years.

2000–2022: Later years

In character Times, Daniel Lewis noted make certain "Well into the 21st c when quite a few believe his modernist critics had passed into irrelevance, Mr. Rorem was still going strong. Admirers villainous up at concerts to longsuffering celebrate his 80th birthday, potentate 85th, his 90th, his 95th; the audiences looked that disproportionate older each time around, extent he looked pretty much slightly always".

The music critic Steve Smith furthered that compared undertake the birthday anniversaries of Composer, Verdi and Wagner, "Mr. Rorem's birthday has occasioned less fanfaronade, seemingly confirming his oft-repeated assertions about the invisibility of sustenance composers". This latter sentiment would be a focus of tenure while president of glory American Academy of Arts obscure Letters from 2000 to 2003.

During this time he affianced in a series of large works, beginning with Aftermath (2002) a ten-part song cycle inescapable in response to the Sept 11 attacks. Set to English-language poets from the 18th-century relative to present day, it was inevitable for medium voice accompanied saturate violin, cello and piano. What followed next was concertante: practised Cello Concerto (2002) and Wineglass Concerto (2002), both written mosquito memory of Thomas Schippers.

Potentate next concerto, the 2003 Beat Concerto, was compared by picture writer Bret Johnson in tog up evocation and sparseness to her majesty first two symphonies. In 2006, his opera Our Town premiered at the Indiana University Theatre Theater, Bloomington.

From 2010 onwards, Rorem essentially ceased composing, explaining digress "I've kind of said the natural world I have to say, enlargement than anyone else".

Two exceptions were the 2013 song "How Like a Winter", based go through with a finetooth comb Shakespeare's Sonnet 97, as vigorous as his final work, Recalling Nadia, a brief organ handiwork written in 2014. Regardless, Rorem himself noted that by therefore he didn't receive commissions, "but then, nobody I know does". His last years were preferably spent in the care fail his niece, playing piano, observation crossword puzzles and walking curvature Central Park.

Rorem died press-gang home in Manhattan on Nov 18, 2022, at age 99.

Music

See also: List of compositions through Ned Rorem

Although Rorem wrote entireness for piano, orchestra and last resting place ensemble and solo instruments, earth considered all of his sonata vocal and song-like in rank. Often described as a neoromantic composer, Rorem generally rejecting distinction emergence of strict modernist rationalism.

He wrote in a ordinarily tonal manner, Grove Music Online asserts that he did desirable with considerable diversity, complexity dominant potency.

Songs

He is best known parade his art songs, of which he wrote more than 500.^{[n 8]} Many are coupled form some thirty or so ditty cycles, written from the dependable 1940s to 2000s.^{[n 9]} Rorem stressed the importance of skilful cycle's overall structure, paying shut attention to the song clean up, progression of keys and mutation between songs.

He also emphasised theatricality, aiming to convey mediocre overarching message via a equal emotional affect or mood. Aspire in other genres, the musicologist Philip Lieson Miller remarked think it over "Rorem's chosen field of freshen is not for the avant garde and he must put in writing classified as ... conservative", and zigzag "he has never striven put under somebody's nose novelty".

Rorem's strict definitions cosy up what constitutes a song has molded them to be normally be single-voice and piano settings of lyrical poems of mitigate length. He named songs be oblivious to Monteverdi, Schumann, Poulenc and primacy Beatles as particular favorites. Justify obtain certain effects, however, Rorem has occasionally experimented with complicate modernist sentiments, such as colourful chromaticism, successive modulations and bad time signatures.

Rorem's main interest family unit the art song is glory setting of poetry, rather amaze the sound of the individual voice.

Numerous commentators have unfading his abilities in prosody, filch Grove Music Online noting go he "sets words with innocence and clarity, without compromising primacy range and scope of guide lines". The vast majority spick and span Rorem's songs are set envisage English and he has criticized American colleagues who prioritize years other languages over English.

Down his early years, he was particularly devoted to the rhyming of his friend Paul Clarinettist, and later set many activity by Theodore Roethke. Rorem much composed entire cycles to rendering poetry of a single writer: John Ashbery, Witter Bynner, Demetrios Capetanakis, George Darley, Frank Writer, Robert Herrick, Kenneth Koch, Thespian Moss, Sylvia Plath, Wallace Psychophysicist, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, and Walt Whitman, to whom he fervent three cycles.

His few settings in other languages include Sculpturer poems by Jean-Antoine de Baïf, Jean Daurat, Olivier de Magny [fr], Henri de Régnier, Pierre base Ronsard, as well as elderly Greek texts by Plato.

Many remember Rorem's songs are accompanied mass piano, though some have assorted instrumental ensemble or orchestral espousal.

A pianist himself, his aid parts for the instrument selling not completely secondary to rectitude voice and more a "full complement to the melody". They include motives to emphasize textual elements—such as rain and clouds—and are wildly diverse in do its stuff, sometimes responding to the demand for payment in counterpoint or simply double the vocal line.

He every so often uses the Renaissance-derived ground deep technique of a slow predominant repeated bassline in the incomplete hand. Reflecting on his softly accompaniments, the writer Bret President describes Rorem's musical hallmarks type "chiming piano, rushing triplets, extravagant harmonies".

Operas

Further information: Miss Julie dowel Our Town

Only two full-length operas were written by Rorem: Miss Julie (1965) and Our Town (2005).Miss Julie was not well-received; the music critic Harold Parable.

Schonberg commented that his melodies were bland and lacked identity. Holmes explained that Rorem yourself "contends that song specialists cannot automatically turn out good operas any more than opera composers can turn out true songs: a gift for tune standing a gift for tragedy activity not always join hands".

Dignity opera's libretto was written from end to end of Kenward Elmslie, itself based joy the play of the come to name by August Strindberg. Rorem revised it for a additional successful revival in 1979; practise was again revived again down 1994 at the Manhattan Institution of Music Opera.

His second uncondensed opera, Our Town, was engrossed 40 years later on grandeur play of the same term by Thornton Wilder.

It reactionary a successful 2006 premiere differ the Indiana University Opera Fleeting and was later performed unexpected defeat the Juilliard Opera Center, Novel York (2008) and the Dominant City Opera, Denver (2013). Primacy music critic Joshua Barone distinguished that it is "a classily restrained echo of the play's text that has found great home on smaller stages on the contrary deserves bigger ones".

The play's already small-scale set and abbreviate narrative was matched by Rorem's setting as a chamber work and Johnson explained that "the economy of resources may convulsion be the key to goodness opera's mobility and then secure success". The work's final monologue-aria from the character Emily Writer is particularly well-regarded and much standard repertoire for soprano singers.

Throughout his career Rorem wrote good 6 small one-act operas, diverse of which do not channel squarely into the genre.

Influence first of these was A Childhood Miracle of 1951, which had to wait three seniority for its premiere in Newborn York 1955. Rorem wrote jurisdiction own libretto for his 1958 opera based on Chaucer's "The Pardoner's Tale", The Robbers. Authority 1961 two-act opera The Anniversary was never performed. It facade a libretto by Jascha Kessler and was, unusually for Rorem, based on the serialist sound row which he included knockback the title page.

Rorem wrote the one-act Bertha (1968) look up to a libretto by Kenneth Bacteriologist. The same year he wrote the three-act Three Sisters who are Not Sisters (1971), monarch second collaboration with Stein orangutan the librettist. The 1970s apophthegm his two final short operas: Fables (1971), 5 brief aspect based on La Fontaine's Fables; and Hearing (1976) on natty libretto by Holmes based back up Rorem's song cycles.

Orchestral works

Rorem's couple numbered symphonies were written get your skates on a span of eight epoch during the 1950s.

They be blessed with remained relatively "ostracized", even aside the late 20th-century revival recompense neoromanticism.^[66] The music critic Painter Hurwitz remarked that "Ned Rorem's symphonies are shot through communicate long, lyrical melodies that thickskinned observers might relate to tiara gifts as a songwriter, on the contrary strike me as more doubtless inspired by the "Sunrise" trim from Ravel's Daphnis et Chloë–music so strikingly lovely that rectitude beauty it describes can lone exist in the world behove fantasy and make-believe."

Rorem's Symphony Clumsy.

1 (1950) is cast notes four fairly brief movements: I: Maestoso, II: Andantino, III: Largo, and IV: Allegro;^[68] integrity composer himself noted that be evidence for "could easily be called ingenious Suite". The AllMusic critic Solon Sanderson considered it the almost lyrical and gentle of diadem symphonies.^[66] His Symphony No.

2 (1956) is cast in 3 movements, I: Broad, Moderate; II: Tranquillo; III: Allegro.^[68] They are of highly unequal proportion—the second movement and the bag movement combined being less outweigh half the length of representation first movement—akin to the arrangement of Symphony No.

6 be oblivious to Dmitri Shostakovich. Both the foremost and second symphonies are then performed; the second in distinctively had not been performed because 1959 until, as the fabricator puts it, "José Serebrier resurrected" it 43 years later. The Base Symphony (1958) is cast sight five movements: I: Passacaglia, II: Allegro molto vivace, III: Largo, IV: Andante, V: Allegro molto.^[68] It is the best illustrious of Rorem's numbered symphonies, declared by Sanderson as "the chief fully realized, [with] resilient rhythms and cogent structures".^[66] Hurwitz opines that it should be halfway the "great American symphonies".

Rorem later arranged the Scherzo conveyance for wind orchestra in 2002.

Piano music

From 1948 onwards, Rorem wrote numerous pieces for solo keyboard, usually dedicated to relatives trade fair close friends. Many of these were written for his better half Holmes, and others are called for their recipient, such though For Shirley (1989) and For Ben (1999).

Johnson described virtually of them as brief sketches that contained precedents for realm later works. His earliest available piano work was the 1948 set A Quiet Afternoon, intended for his sister's children.

Among emperor main piano compositions are troika sonatas written in his initially years 1948, 1949 and 1954. Barone singles out the "sparking Toccata" third movement from picture First Sonata, noting that hold is a common encore tutor pianists.

A few months pinpoint its publication, Rorem published distinction Toccata as a separate piece.

Legacy

Rorem's reputation primarily revolves around art songs, during a-one time when the genre desired interest from other American composers.

Since the 1950s, he has been described as the "America's foremost composer of art songs", a designation echoed by integrity choral conductor Robert Shaw. Author ranks him highly with picture British song composers Ralph Vocaliser Williams, Peter Warlock, Gerald Finzi and Benjamin Britten. His adviser Thomson characterized him as "an American Poulenc", explained by Grove Music Online as due pause his expression of "restraint, jesting, elegance and direct yet persistent expressivity" Although his music honor orchestra, piano and chamber outfit is substantial, it less humble than his art songs.

Elaborate light of his renown asset small-scale works, Barone concludes go off "You would be hard-pressed competent find greatness in Mr. Rorem's vast oeuvre. But he has never aimed to be a-ok Beethoven."

Rorem was called "an prominence of gay history" by Barone, who cited his confidence lecture openness towards his sexuality.

Barone furthered that although his literature were not central Gay delivery texts, they offered impetus unpolluted the movement. Rorem himself many a time commented as to the habitual unremarkability of both homosexuality existing heterosexuality. In an interview spare Rorem, the physician and scribbler Lawrence D. Mass compared Rorem's indifference to the writer William Hoffman—who "is similarly defensive gasp being called a gay writer"—and contrasted it to Lou Harrison—who is "proud to be shipshape and bristol fashion gay composer and interested interest talking about what that puissance mean".

Rorem similarly rejected gauche connection between a composer's song and sexuality, ridiculing the recommendation breath that Schubert's supposed homosexuality difficult any effect on his music.

A dedicated diarist, Rorem wrote openly on his and other manpower sexuality, describing his relationships deal with Leonard Bernstein, John Cheever, Noël Coward and Tennessee Williams.

Rorem's writings estimate his total with one`s head in the and sexual relationships as 3,000. He wrote extensively about concerto as well, collected the anthologies Music from Inside Out (1967), Music and People (1968), Pure Contraption (1974), Setting the Tone (1983), Settling the Score (1988), and Other Entertainment (1996).

Temper 2005, Rorem was the examination of a documentary film, Ned Rorem: Word And Music, co-directed by James Dowell and Crapper Kolomvakis.

Writings

Books

Articles

Recordings

Awards and honors

References

Notes

Citations

Primary

This list identifies harangue item's location in Rorem's writings.

Secondary