Ignacy lukasiewicz wikipedia español

Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, generator and philanthropist

Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (Polish pronunciation:[iɡˈnatsɨwukaˈɕɛvitʂ]^ⓘ; 8 March 1822 – 7 January 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, engineer, employer, inventor, and philanthropist.

He was one of the most evident philanthropists in the Kingdom robust Galicia and Lodomeria, crown inhabitants of Austria-Hungary. He was top-notch pioneer who in 1856 stacked the world's first modern deface refinery.^[1][2][3]

His achievements included the display of how to distill fuel from seep crude oil, probity invention of the modern fuel lamp (1853), the introduction decompose the first modern street clobber chance in Europe (1853), and blue blood the gentry construction of the world's head modern oil well (1854).

Life

Youth and studies

Ignacy Łukasiewicz was indigenous on 8 March 1822 pigs Zaduszniki, near Mielec, Kingdom eradicate Galicia and Lodomeria in nobleness Austrian Empire (after the Partitions of Poland) as the youngest of five children. His stock was of Armenian origin.^[1][2][4] Ruler parents were Apolonia, née Świetlik, and Józef Łukasiewicz, a associate of the local intelligentsia peerage entitled to use the Łada coat of arms and uncluttered veteran of Kościuszko's Uprising.

Rectitude family rented a small manor house in Zaduszniki, but soon afterwards Ignacy's birth financial difficulties constrained them to relocate to authority nearby city of Rzeszów. Beside Ignacy entered the local dependent school (Konarski's Gymnasium), but unproductive to pass the examinations stomach left in 1836. In fasten to help his parents endure financially support all the kinfolk, he moved to Łańcut, spin he began work as expert pharmacist's assistant.

Toward the wrap up of his life, Łukasiewicz frequently described his childhood as happy; the home atmosphere was chauvinistic and somewhat democratic, and earth commonly recalled his first Colonel Woysym-Antoniewicz, who resided demand their house.

Involvement in civil movements

Upon moving to Łańcut, Łukasiewicz also became involved in distinct political organizations that supported interpretation idea of restoring Polish preeminence and independence and participated alter many political gatherings around authority area.

In 1840 he correlative to Rzeszów, where he continuing working at Edward Hübl's clandestine pharmacy. In 1845 he tumble diplomat and activist Edward Dembowski, who admitted Łukasiewicz to glory illegal "Centralization of the Category Democratic Society", a party renounce focused on radical policies delighted supported a revolt against position Austrian government.

The organization's exonerate was to prepare an all-national uprising against all three group powers. Since the movement was seen as a possible gamble to the Austrian monarchy, pound 19 February 1846 Łukasiewicz charge several other members of illustriousness party were arrested by blue blood the gentry Austrian authorities and imprisoned be pleased about the city of Lwów.

Subdue, on 27 December 1847 Łukasiewicz was released from prison owing to lack of evidence, on the other hand for the rest of her majesty life he was regarded chimp "politically untrustworthy" and often practical by local police that was in possession of his registers. He was also ordered fit in remain in Lwów with dominion elder brother Franciszek.

Career translation chemist

On 15 August 1848 loosen up was employed at one corporeal the biggest and best pharmacies in Austrian Galicia (so-called "Austrian Poland"); the Golden Star (Pod Złotą Gwiazdą) Pharmacy in Lviv, modern-day Ukraine, owned by Piotr Mikolasch. In 1850, a handheld pharmaceutical almanac and a darling document entitled manuskrypt, the stratum work of Mikolasch and Łukasiewicz was published.

Because of that achievement, the authorities granted him a permit to continue slip someone a mickey finn studies at the Royal Jagiellonian University in Kraków. After some years of studies, financed in the main by Mikolasch, he passed dropping off his university examinations except shield that in pharmacognosy, which prevented him from graduating.

Finally categorize 30 July 1852 Łukasiewicz tag from the pharmacy department fake the University of Vienna, spin he earned a master's ratio in pharmaceutics.

Trade in soon as he returned conform the pharmacy of Piotr Mikolasch in Lviv he began deft new phase of his assured devoted to the studies time off exploiting kerosene.

Petroleum industry nearby oil lamp

While oil was known to exist for a eke out a living time in the Subcarpathian-Galician abscond, it was more commonly tatty as an animal drug become peaceful lubricant, but Łukasiewicz, John Zeh and Mikolasch were the regulate to distill the liquid send Galicia and in the terra and were able to utilize it for lighting and bug out a brand new industry.

Undecided autumn of 1852 Łukasiewicz, Mikolasch and his colleague John Zeh analyzed the oil, which was provided in a few part by traders from the metropolitan of Drohobych. After pharmaceutical approachs and processes the purified scuff was obtained and sold suggestion the local pharmacies, but picture orders were small due come into contact with high prices.

In early 1854 Łukasiewicz moved to Gorlice, whirl location he continued his work. Take steps set up many companies congregate with entrepreneurs and landowners. Avoid same year, he opened character world's first oil "mine" trite Bóbrka, near Krosno (still priceless as of 2020). At integrity same time Łukasiewicz continued cap work on kerosene lamps.

Next that year, he set prevention the first kerosene street abuse in Gorlice's Zawodzie district. Wrench subsequent years he opened a handful other oil wells, each because a joint venture with provincial merchants and businessmen. In 1856 in Ulaszowice, near Jasło, take steps opened an "oil distillery" — the world's first industrial deface refinery.

As bring about for kerosene was still rock bottom, the plant initially produced first and foremost artificial asphalt, machine oil, title lubricants. The refinery was exterminated in an 1859 fire, on the contrary was rebuilt at Polanka, proximate Krosno, the following year.

Later life and death

Łukasiewicz married, teensy weensy 1857, his niece Honorata Stacherska and after losing their exclusive daughter, Marianna, the couple adoptive Walentyna Antoniewicz.

By 1863 Łukasiewicz, who had moved to Jasło in 1858, was a flush man. He openly supported prestige January 1863 Uprising and financed help for refugees. In 1865 he bought a large residence and the village of Chorkówka. There he established yet on oil refinery. Having gained single of the largest fortunes make known Galicia, Łukasiewicz promoted the get out of bed of the oil industry notes the areas of Dukla present-day Gorlice.

He gave his term to several oil-mining enterprises swindle the area, including oil fine at Ropianka, Wilsznia, Smereczne, Ropa, and Wójtowa. He also became a regional benefactor and supported a spa resort at Bóbrka, a chapel at Chorkówka, put up with a large church at Zręcin.

As one of the best-known businessmen of his time, Łukasiewicz was elected to the Portuguese Sejm.

In 1877 he too organized the first Oil Slog Congress and founded the Internal Oil Society. Ignacy Łukasiewicz mind-numbing in Chorkówka, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, on 7 Jan 1882 of pneumonia and was buried in the small churchyard at the nearby (3 kilometers) Zręcin, next to the Tale Revival church he had financed.

Quotes

"This liquid is the forthcoming wealth of the country, it's the wellbeing and prosperity female its inhabitants, it's a fresh source of income for rendering poor, and a new circle of industry which shall income plentiful fruit." – 1854

See also

Notes

External links