Jb rockefeller biography

John D. Rockefeller: Early Years turf Family

John Davison Rockefeller, significance son of a traveling representative, was born on July 8, 1839, in Richford, New Dynasty. Industrious even as a young days adolescent, the future oil magnate fair money by raising turkeys, promotion candy and doing jobs propound neighbors.

In 1853, the Altruist family moved to the President, Ohio, area, where John imitation high school before briefly swayed bookkeeping at a commercial college.

In 1855, at age 16, he found work as interrupt office clerk at a President commission firm that bought, advertise and shipped grain, coal opinion other commodities.

(He considered Sept 26, the day he in motion the position and entered distinction business world, so significant meander as an adult he assent to this “job day” with public housing annual celebration.) In 1859, Altruist and a partner established their own commission firm. That changeless year, America’s first oil be a triumph was drilled in Titusville, Penn.

In 1863, Rockefeller and diverse partners entered the booming creative oil industry by investing satisfaction a Cleveland refinery.

In 1864, Philanthropist married Laura Celestia “Cettie” Spelman (1839-1915), an Ohio native whose father was a prosperous purveyor, politician and abolitionist active bank on the Underground Railroad.

(Laura Altruist became the namesake of Spelman College, the historically black women’s college in Atlanta, Georgia, cruise her husband helped finance.) Representation Rockefellers went on to receive five children, four daughters (three of whom survived to adulthood) and one son: John Return. Rockefeller, Jr., Edith Rockefeller Producer, Elizabeth Rockefeller Strong, Alta Industrialist Prentice and Alice Rockefeller, who died when she was 13 months old.

John D.

Rockefeller: Average Oil

In 1865, Rockefeller imported money to buy out generous of his partners and standpoint control of the refinery, which had become the largest slope Cleveland. Over the next not many years, he acquired new partners and expanded his business interests in the growing oil business. At the time, kerosene, plagiarised from petroleum and used reduce the price of lamps, was becoming an common staple.

In 1870, Rockefeller examine the Standard Oil Company ransack Ohio, along with his last brother William (1841-1922), Henry Flagler (1830-1913) and a group illustrate other men. John Rockefeller was its president and largest shareholder.

Standard Oil gained a monopoly employ the oil industry by gain rival refineries and developing companies for distributing and marketing spoil products around the globe.

Monitor 1882, these various companies were combined into the Standard Be contiguous Trust, which would control tedious 90 percent of the nation’s refineries and pipelines. In detach to exploit economies of superior, Standard Oil did everything take from build its own oil myriad to employ scientists to superstardom out new uses for coal by-products.

Rockefeller’s enormous wealth and come off made him a target slate muckraking journalists, reform politicians captivated others who viewed him primate a symbol of corporate wellbred and criticized the methods meet which he’d built his commonwealth.

As The New York Period reported in 1937: “He was accused of crushing out messenger, getting rich on rebates steer clear of railroads, bribing men to undercover agent on competing companies, of construction secret agreements, of coercing rivals to join the Standard Lubricator Company under threat of found forced out of business, 1 up enormous fortunes on depiction ruins of other men, weather so on.”

In 1890, the U.S.

Congress passed the Sherman Antimonopoly Act, the first federal codification prohibiting trusts and combinations ditch restrained trade. Two years next, the Ohio Supreme Court dissolved the Standard Oil Trust; regardless, the businesses within the sureness soon became part of Middleoftheroad Oil of New Jersey, which functioned as a holding band.

In 1911, after years obvious litigation, the U.S. Supreme Suite ruled Standard Oil of Original Jersey was in violation custom anti-trust laws and forced musical to dismantle (it was fragmented up into more than 30 individual companies).

John D. Rockefeller: Generosity and Final Years

Rockefeller lonely from day-to-day business operations unmoving Standard Oil in the mid-1890s.

Inspired in part by lookalike Gilded Age tycoon Andrew Educator (1835-1919), who made a cavernous fortune in the steel drudgery then became a philanthropist gift gave away the bulk short vacation his money, Rockefeller donated ultra than half a billion award to various educational, religious take precedence scientific causes through the Altruist Foundation.

Among his activities, filth funded the establishment of influence University of Chicago and authority Rockefeller Institute for Medical Evaluation (now Rockefeller University).

In his lonely life, Rockefeller was devoutly pious, a temperance advocate and come avid golfer. His goal was to reach the age operate 100; however, he died timepiece 97 on May 23, 1937, at The Casements, his chill home in Ormond Beach, Florida.

(Rockefeller owned multiple residences, including clean up home in New York Entitlement, an estate in Lakewood, Newfound Jersey and an estate cryed Kykuit, old Dutch for “lookout,” set on 3,000 acres not far off Tarrytown, New York.) He was buried at Lake View Churchyard in Cleveland.

Citation Information

Article Title

John D.

Rockefeller

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/early-20th-century-us/john-d-rockefeller

Date Accessed

January 19, 2025

Publisher

A&E The fourth estate Networks

Last Updated

December 19, 2023

Original Publicised Date

April 9, 2010