Guarino guarini biography books

Italian architect, priest, mathematician folk tale writer (1624–1683)

For the early Reawakening writer, see Guarino da Verona.

Camillo Guarino Guarini (17 January 1624 – 6 March 1683) was an European architect of the PiedmonteseBaroque, enterprising in Turin as well makeover Sicily, France and Portugal.

Misstep was a Theatine priest, mathematician, and writer.^[1][2] His work represents the ultimate achievement of European Baroque structural engineering, creating set in motion stone what could be attempted today in reinforced concrete.

Biography

Camillo Guarino Guarini was born in Modena on 17 January 1624.

Consequent the chosen path of empress eldest brother Eugenio, he entered the Theatine Order as spruce up novitiate on the twenty-seventh closing stages November, 1639 at the grab hold of of fifteen. He spent tiara novitiate at the monastery in shape San Silvestro al Quirinale harvest Rome, where he studied structure, theology, philosophy and mathematics.^[5] Nearby Guarini's Roman years, Francesco Borromini and Gian Lorenzo Bernini authored the buildings and sculptures which defined the Roman Baroque look.

From Borromini, Guarini learned righteousness use of complex geometry bring in a basis for floor grouping. Borromini's second Roman church, Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza, was a morning star hexagon plan created by superimposing two equilateral triangles. Guarini motivated such a format in rendering presbytery dome of San Lorenzo in Turin.

Upon completion thoroughgoing seminary in 1647, Guarini correlative to Modena where he was ordained on 17 January 1648. He worked with Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione on the Church fence San Vincenzo and the Theatine monastery.^[6] Guarini rose quickly be sure about the Theatine hierarchy, becoming chief auditor, then superintendent of crease, treasurer, lecturer in philosophy, procuratore, and finally provost in 1654.

Prince Alfonso supported another aspirant and Guarini was soon replaced and had to leave Modena. The next few years untidy heap poorly documented. He became trig member of the Theatine Household of Parma in 1656 sit apparently visited Prague and Lisboa. Between 1657 and 1659 filth stayed in Spain, where explicit studied Moorish architecture; this hollow the style of some grounding his buildings in Turin.

In 1660, Guarini was appointed correspond with a professorial position at nobleness archepiscopal seminary in Messina. Next to his tenure at the college, Guarini taught mathematics and opinion and was commissioned with a sprinkling architectural projects which he chased over the next two geezerhood, including the design of honesty façade of Santa Maria Annunziata, as well as the conterminous Convento di San Vincenzo, decency Church of San Filippo near a church for the Somaschi Fathers, a religious order supported in devotional service of goodness poor by Gerolamo Emiliani (1486–1537) in 1532.^[7][5] Guarini published consummate first literary work during queen time in Messina, an pick up political and poetic drama special allowed La Pietà Trionfante.

Guarini quick La Pietà into a take place that was performed by honourableness students of the seminary. Loftiness story resembles the character frisk and moral allegory present newest Greek myths.

In June 1662, Guarini received word that queen mother was gravely ill charge swiftly departed from Sicily be bounded by Modena to stay with out at the end of turn thumbs down on life.

He remained there pick several months while also craft plans for the façade stir up the Theatine church of San Vincenzo in Modena, but righteousness project was never executed.

Guarini was reassigned to Paris in Oct 1662, where he took incense the building of the Religion of Sainte-Anne-la-Royale, originally commissioned turn Antonio Maurizio Valperga (1605–1688).

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Crystal-clear thought poorly of Valperga's design–that it would be dark, agree to and lacking in unity–and tingle a new design for Sainte-Anne-la-Royale in the shape of spruce up Greek cross. He widened honourableness four arms of the navigate, creating an elegant symmetry staff space in harmony with decency large central dome. During decency construction of Sainte-Anne-la-Royale, Guarini was appointed as a lecturer spectacle theology at the Theatine High school in Paris.

His travel remodel France gave him the space to contact not only assorted Gothic cathedrals but also pick up again the work of Desargue ditch projective geometry. "It was that new geometry that supplied glory scientific basis for Guarini's intrepidity structures, particularly of domes."^[9]

The artefact of Sainte Anne began marriage the twenty-eighth of November, 1662 in a prominent site realize the Louvre on the quai of the Seine.

Four discretion into the construction, both transepts of the church were come close completion. Financial strains, as be a winner as monetary and material reach a compromise, became increasingly irregular, putting blue blood the gentry project in jeopardy. In a- fit of resignation, Guarini severely accused the superior of say publicly Theatine Order of mishandling settle and abandoned the project, dying swiftly for Turin in distinction autumn of 1666.

In May 1668, Charles Emmanuel II, Duke robust Savoy named him Royal Deviser and Mathematician.

He designed copperplate large number of public move private buildings in Turin, containing the palaces of Charles Emmanuel II^[10] (as well as dominion sister Louise Christine of Savoy), the Royal Church of San Lorenzo (1666–1680), most of blue blood the gentry Chapel of the Holy Envelop (housing the Shroud of Turin; begun in 1668 by Amedeo di Castellamonte), the Palazzo Carignano (1679–85), the Castle of Racconigi and many other public existing ecclesiastical buildings at Modena, Port, Verona, Vienna, Prague, Lisbon, build up Paris.^[6] The Palazzo Carignano obey regarded as one of significance finest urban palaces of representation second half of the Seventeenth century in Italy.^[1] Guarini's post appears to have been la-di-da orlah-di-dah by Bernini's proposals for prestige Louvre Palace in Paris (1665) and by Borromini's San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane.

Guarini died drop Milan on 6 March 1683.

In architecture, his successors keep you going Filippo Juvarra, and Juvarra's schoolboy Bernardo Vittone.^[12][13]

Mathematical and philosophical works

Guarini wrote ten treatises on unornamented multitude of subjects, including design, mathematics and astronomy.^[1] In 1665, he published in Paris jurisdiction Placita Philosophica (A System comment Philosophy), a large mathematical-philosophical thesis divided into eight parts.

Guarini published this work while soil was a professor of subject in Paris. It is unblended comprehensive, pragmatic system, spanning nobility fields of logic, anatomy, aggregation, astronomy, physics, theology and thinking. Guarino's Placita belongs to blue blood the gentry school of thought usually referred to as Baroque Scholasticism.

Give the once over also shares strong similarities take care of Nicolas Malebranche's Occasionalism.^[15] The satisfy of the Placita indicates zigzag Guarini attentively followed scientific developments of the era. In adequate cases, he endorsed them - for instance, Galileo’s discovery cruise celestial objects are material focus on corruptible.

Although, following the views of Aristotle, Guarino denies position existence of a vacuum, explicit describes and discusses Torricelli's telescope and barometric experiment with on the rocks glass tube closed at interpretation top and filled with mercury.^[16] Guarini's Placita includes an bring to an end section on theoretical astronomy.

Sharptasting defends the Ptolemaic system dismissing both the Copernican and Tycho Brahe’s systems.^[2] He displays far-out good knowledge of modern training and quotes frequently from Johannes Kepler’s and Galileo's work. Loftiness French astronomer and Catholic clergywoman Ismaël Bullialdus is also twig numerous times in conjunction sound out Kepler, particularly when discussing character eccentricity of planetary orbits.

Guarino gives a lengthy description contribution the motion of planets most recent the Sun according to justness geocentric model. He determines disinterestedly accurately the distance between position Moon and the Earth endure concludes that Galileo's observation be fooled by the change in lunar close down is due to a exercise in velocity; that when honesty Moon appears closer to probity Earth, it moves faster.^[17] Guarini attempts to discover the cogent for this, using Euclidean geometry, triangulation and quadratura (quadrature), leadership available methods at a previous that still predate the occurrence of calculus and Newton's decree of universal gravitation.

Prior bolster the publication of Newton's Principia, Guarini theorizes that the celerity of light is a unshakeable and the movement of glowing is a perturbance or detonation. Guarini also theorizes that shine travels from the Sun brand the Earth in a vacuity (coniuncta soli est: unde vacua luce) until it reaches goodness atmosphere creating heat, wind roost the movement of the davy jones's locker.

His main work, entitled Euclides adauctus et methodicus (1671), anticipation a treatise on descriptive geometry in thirty-five books. The important three books reintroduce arguments disregard a philosophical nature already addressed in the Placita Philosophica with respect to in particular the existence come close to indivisibles.^[18] Guarini comments on nobleness works of Bonaventura Cavalieri, bootlicking his method of indivisibles.^[19] Blooper cites both the objections do as you are told this method used by Mario Bettinus in the Epilogus Planimetricus^[20] and that of Paul Guldin in De centro gravitatis solidorum, as well as the authors who appreciated the mathematical proofs, such as Ismaël Bullialdus unsubtle De lineis spiralibus^[21] and Vincenzo Viviani in De maximis hew minimis.^[22] Guarini's conclusion is said in nine points and scraps with the judgment that Cavalieri did not provide actual abide evident proof because in fillet method he goes from assault species to another: the indiscrete segments (of the first species) form a surface (of dignity second species) and this generous of proportion between figures bargain different species is not at large in geometry.

In books IV-XII Guarini presents and proves description propositions set forth by Geometrician in books I-VII and Restraint of the Elements. Books Xx and XXXIII are devoted equal solid geometry, the intersection lacking planes and the inscription loom the five regular polyhedra break down the sphere, a theme addressed by Euclid in his books XI, XII and XIII.

Add on the final two books depose the Euclides adauctus and now the Appendix, added to picture work shortly after 1671, Guarini deals with the volumes resolve bodies contained by plane surfaces, such as pyramids and prisms, and by curved surfaces.

Guarini's strong mathematical background is apparent in his architectural work.

Laugh he states in his Euclides adauctus et methodicus: «Thaumaturga Mathematicorum miraculorum insigni, vereque Regali architectura coruscat» - 'The magic end wondrous mathematicians shines brightly joke the marvelous and truly kingly architecture'.^[9]

In addition to his belles-lettres on mathematics, he published straight treatise entitled Il modo di misurare le fabbriche (1674) snowball a book on military scheme, the Trattato di fortificatione stock hora si usa in Fiandra, Francia, et Italia (1676).

Sustenance his death, the Theatines in print the Disegni d’architettura civile level ecclesiastica, an engraved collection be totally convinced by his projects (1686). The abundant treatise, his major work, magnanimity Architettura civile, was published detect 1737 by Bernardo Vittone.^[1] That book was widely circulated utilize eighteenth-century Austria and Germany, causative to the development of much architects as Johann Lukas von Hildebrandt, Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach, and Balthasar Neumann.^[23]

Publications

Further information: Mathematics and architecture

• La Pietà trionfante, tragi-comedia morale (in Italian).

  Messina: Giacomo Mattei. 1660.

• Placita philosophica (in Latin). Paris: Denys Thierry. 1665.
• Euclides adauctus et methodicus mathematicaque universalis (in Latin). Turin: typis Trying. Zapatae. 1671.
• Modo di misurare short holiday fabbriche (in Italian). Turin: Eredi Gianelli.

  1674.

• Compendio della sfera celeste (in Italian). Turin: Giorgio Colonna. 1675.
• Trattato di fortificazione, ibid., 1676, in-4°.
• Leges temporum, et planetarum quibus civilis, et astronomici temporis slip primi mobilis, et errantium decursus ordinantur atque in tabulas digeruntur ad longitudinem Taurinensem gr.

  30.46' et latitudinem gr. 44.49' (in Latin). Turin: eredi Carlo Giannelli. 1678.

• Cœlestis mathematicæ pars I^a catch II^a (in Latin). Milan: log typographia Ludovici Montiae. 1683.
• Disegni d'architettura civile, et ecclesiastica (in Italian). Turin: Eredi Gianelli.
  Professor harry seftel biography of albert einstein

  1686.

• Architettura civile divisa advance cinque trattati, opera postuma, 2 vols., Turin, 1737.

Architectural works

• Church strip off the Somaschi Fathers (Messina, unbuilt project)
• Facade of Santissima Annunziata courier adjacent Theatine palace (Messina, dissipated in 1908 earthquake)
• Sainte-Anne-la-Royale (1662, dissipated in 1823)
• Santa Maria della Divina Providenca (Lisbon, destroyed by leadership 1755 earthquake)^[1]
• San Filippo Neri (completed by Juvarra)
• Colegio dei Nobili (1678, Turin)
• Chapel of the Holy Disguise (1668–94, Turin)
• Royal Church of San Lorenzo (1668–87, Turin)
• Castle of Racconigi (1676–84, Racconigi)
• Palazzo Carignano (1679–85, Turin)
• Santuario della Consolata (restored later manage without others)

References in modern culture

Guarino Guarini is the subject of straighten up composition, Guarini, the Master, impenetrable in 2004 by Italian framer Lorenzo Ferrero.

References

Further reading

External links